Thermogenesis, Protein & Diet
Postprandial thermogenesis is increased
100 percent on a high-protein, low-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate,
low-fat diet in healthy, young women.
Protein Diet Study - Aim
The recent literature suggests that high-protein, low-fat diets promote
a greater degree of weight loss compared to high-carbohydrate, low-fat
diets, but the mechanism of this enhanced weight loss is unclear. This
study compared the acute, energy-cost of meal-induced thermogenesis on
a high-protein, low-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
Protein Diet Study - Methods
Ten healthy, normal weight, non-smoking female volunteers aged 19-22 years
were recruited from a campus population. Using a randomized, cross-over
design, subjects consumed the high-protein and the high-carbohydrate diets
for one day each, and testing was separated by a 28- or 56-day interval.
Control diets were consumed for two days prior to each test day. On test
day, the resting energy expenditure, the non-protein respiratory quotient
and body temperature were measured following a 10-hour fast and at 2.5-hour
post breakfast, lunch and dinner. Fasting blood samples were collected
test day and the next morning, and complete 24-hour urine samples were
collected the day of testing.
Protein Diet Study - Results
Postprandial thermogenesis at 2.5 hours post-meal averaged about twofold
higher on the high protein diet versus the high carbohydrate diet, and
differences were significant after the breakfast and the dinner meals.
Body temperature was slightly higher on the high protein diet (p = 0.08
after the dinner meal). Changes in the respiratory quotient post-meals
did not differ by diet, and there was no difference in 24-hour glomerular
filtration rates by diet. Nitrogen balance was significantly greater on
the high-protein diet compared to the high-carbohydrate diet, and at 24-hour
post-intervention, fasting plasma urea nitrogen concentrations were raised
on the high protein diet versus the high-carbohydrate diet.
Protein Diet Study - Conclusions
These data indicate an added energy-cost associated with high-protein,
low-fat diets and may help explain the efficacy of such diets for weight
loss.
Source: Johnston CS, Day CS, Swan PD. Departments
of Nutrition, Arizona State University East, Mesa 85212, USA. 2002
Weight Loss Methods
The science of weight loss and obesity management is constantly evolving,
along with research into weight loss drugs, supplements and gastric bypass
surgery. At present, however, a balanced diet combined with regular exercise
remains the favored weight management strategy of most weight loss experts. Return to Weight Loss Data
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