Health Advantages of Weight Loss Diets
Weight Loss Study Aim
Some weight-loss diets are nutritionally
sound and consistent with recommendations for healthy eating while others
are "fad" diets encouraging irrational and, sometimes, unsafe
practices. The purpose of the weight loss study was to compare several
weight loss diets and assess their potential long-term effects.
Weight Loss Study Method
Eight popular weight-loss diets were selected (Atkins, Protein Power,
Sugar Busters, Zone, ADA Exchange, High-Fiber Fitness, Pritikin and Ornish)
to be non-clinically analyzed by means of a computer to predict their
relative benefits/potential harm. A summary description, menu plan and
recommended snacks were developed for each diet. The nutrient composition
of each diet was determined using computer software, and a Food Pyramid
Score was calculated to compare diets. The Mensink, Hegsted and other
formulae were applied to estimate coronary heart disease risk factors.
Weight Loss Study Results
Higher fat diets are higher in saturated fats and cholesterol than current
dietary guidelines and their long-term use would increase serum cholesterol
levels and risk for CHD. Diets restricted in sugar intake would lower
serum cholesterol levels and long-term risk for CHD; however, higher carbohydrate,
higher fiber, lower fat diets would have the greatest effect in decreasing
serum cholesterol concentrations and risk of CHD.
Weight Loss Study Conclusions
While high fat diets may promote short-term weight loss, the potential
hazards for worsening risk for progression of atherosclerosis override
the short-term benefits. Individuals derive the greatest health benefits
from diets low in saturated fat and high in carbohydrate and fiber; these
increase sensitivity to insulin and lower risk for CHD.
Source: University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky (J.W.A., E.C.K.) 2000
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